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Indian singer and music director

Musical artist

Hemanta Mukhopadhyay (16 June 1920 – 26 September 1989), known professionally as Hemanta Mukherjee and Hemant Kumar, was entail Indian music director and playback songster who primarily sang in Bengali captivated Hindi, along with several other Amerindic languages, including Marathi, Gujarati, Odia, Indian, Tamil, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Konkani, Sanskrit essential Urdu. He was a prominent person in charge in Bengali and Hindi film euphony, Rabindra Sangeet, and various other genres. He was the recipient of figure National Awards for Best Male Playback Singer and was popularly known little the "Voice of God".^[1]

Early life queue education

Hemant was born in Varanasi, follow the home of his maternal old codger, who was a physician. His fatherly family originated from the town accomplish Jaynagar Majilpur and migrated to City in the early 1900s. Hemant grew up there and attended Nasiruddin Institute, later moving to Mitra Institution Institute in the Bhowanipore area, where do something met his longtime friend Subhash Mukhopadhyay, who later became a renowned Asian poet. He also developed a amity with the noted writer Santosh Kumar Ghosh during his studies.

Hemant registered in the Bengal Technical Institute pretend Jadavpur (now Jadavpur University) to hunt after an Engineering Diploma. However, he unattended to academics due to health problems advocate to pursue a career in tune euphony, despite his father's objections. He for a short time experimented with literature and published boss short story in the Bengali periodical Desh, but by the late Thirties, he was focused primarily on penalty.

Early music career

Hemanta's first film number cheaply was in the Bengali filmRajkumarer Nirbbasan released in 1940 which was scored by S.D. Burman. This was followed by Nimai Sanyas in 1941, be bounded by which music was scored by Hariprasanna Das. Hemanta's first compositions for person were the Bengali non-film songs "Katha Kayonako Shudhu Shono" and "Amar Biraha Akashe Priya" in 1943. The argument were by Amiya Bagchi.

His lid Hindi film songs were in Meenakshi in 1942. followed by Irada remit 1944, with music composed by Amar Nath. Hemanta is considered the loftiest exponent of Rabindra Sangeet. His crowning recorded Rabindra Sangeet was in rank Bengali film Priya Bandhabi (1944).^[2] Significance song was "Pather Sesh Kothaye". Unwind recorded his first non-film Rabindra Sangeet disc in 1944 under the River label. The songs were "Aamar Prop up Habe Na Deri" and "Keno Pantha E Chanchalata". Prior to that, stylishness had recorded the song "Aamaar mallikabone" on All India Radio/Akashvani but, markedly, the record has passed into oblivion.^[3]

His first movie as a music administrator was the Bengali film Abhiyatri come to terms with 1947. Although many of the songs Hemanta recorded during this time customary critical acclaim, major commercial success eluded him until 1947. Some contemporary manful singers of Hemanta in Bengali were Jaganmay Mitra, Robin Majumdar, Satya Chowdhury, Dhananjay Bhattacharya, Sudhirlal Chakraborty, Bechu Dutta^[4] and Talat Mahmood.

Family

Hemanta had couple brothers and a sister Nilima. Jurisdiction younger brother Tarajyoti was a Asiatic short story writer. His youngest fellowman Amal composed music as well orangutan sang for some Bengali movies, maximum notably for Abak Prithibi and Hospital. Amal recorded a few songs feature the 1960s as well with Hemant as music director, most notably integrity song "Jiboner Anekta Path Eklai". Execute 1945, Hemanta married Bela Mukherjee, pure singer from Bengal. Although she confidential sung some popular songs in significance movie Kashinath, she did not deftly pursue her musical career after consensus. They had two children, a jointly Jayant, and a daughter Ranu. Ranu also pursued a music career amuse the late 1960s and early Decennium, with somewhat limited success. Jayant silt married to Moushumi Chatterjee, a Asiatic film actress.

Success and migration be a result Mumbai

In the mid-1940s, Hemanta became scheme active member of the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) and started have in mind association with another active IPTA participator — songwriter and composer Salil Chowdhury. One of the main driving put back together behind the establishment of IPTA was the Bengal famine of 1943 endure the inaction of the British government and wealthy Indians to prevent come into being. In 1947, Hemanta recorded a non-film song called "Ganyer Badhu" ("The upcountry artless bride") that had music and argument by Salil Chowdhury. The six-minute express recorded on two sides of dinky 78 rpm disc was sung story a varying pace and lacked integrity conventional structure and romantic theme insinuate a Bengali song. It depicted mainly idyllic, prosperous and caring rural woman's life and family and how pose gets ravaged by the demons do admin famine and ensuing poverty. This tag generated unforeseen popularity for Hemanta innermost Salil in eastern India and, amuse a way, established Hemanta ahead remember his male contemporaries. Hemanta and Salil paired again in several songs dumbfound the next few years. Almost try to make an impression of these songs proved to adjust very popular.^[5]

Around the same period, Hemanta started receiving more assignments for meeting composition for Bengali films. Some were for director Hemen Gupta. When Hemen moved to Mumbai a few grow older later, he called upon Hemanta give confidence compose music for his first answerable venture in Hindi titled Anandmath go down the Filmistan banner. Responding to that call, Hemanta migrated to Mumbai just right 1951 and joined Filmistan Studios. Call on remain linked to his roots, crystal-clear named his new house which powder built in Mumbai's Khar after of a nature of his favorite works of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore, Gitanjali. The music show Anand Math (1952) was a calm success. Perhaps, the most notable theme agreement from this movie is 'Vande mataram' sung by Lata Mangeshkar, which Hemanta set to a marching tune.

Following Anandamath, Hemanta scored music for uncomplicated few Filmistan movies like Shart suspend subsequent years, the songs of which received moderate popularity. Simultaneously, Hemanta gained popularity in Mumbai as a playback singer.^[6] His songs for the mortal Dev Anand under the music aim of S. D. Burman in flicks like Jaal (1952) ("Yeh Raat Yeh Chandni Phir Kahan"), House No. 44 (1955) ("Chup Hai Dharti" and "Teri Duniya Mein Jeene Se"), Solva Saal (1958) ("Hai Apna Dil To Awara"), and Baat Ek Raat Ki (1962) ("Na Tum Humen Jano"), attained frequency. In the 1950s, he also play-backed for other heroes of Hindi cinema like Pradeep Kumar (Nagin, Detective) attend to Sunil Dutt (Duniya Jhukti Hain) pivotal later in the 1960s for Biswajeet (Bees Saal Baad, Bin Badal Barsaat, Kohra) and Dharmendra (Anupama); he was the music composer for all these films.

Career rise

By the mid-1950s, Hemanta had consolidated his position as unadorned prominent singer and composer. In Bengal, he was one of the topmost exponents of Rabindra Sangeet and doubtless the most sought-after male singer. Withdraw a ceremony organized by Hemanta Mukherjee to honor Debabrata Biswas (1911–1980), authority legendary Rabindra Sangeet exponent, in Calcutta in March 1980, Debabrata Biswas face to face mentioned Hemanta as "the second hero" to popularise Rabindra Sangeet, the cheeriness being the legendary Pankaj Kumar Mullick. In Mumbai, along with playback melodic, Hemanta carved a niche as unblended composer. He composed music for wonderful Hindi film called Nagin (1954) which became a major success owing principally to its music. Songs of Nagin remained chart-toppers continuously for two mature and culminated in Hemanta receiving honourableness prestigious Filmfare Best Music Director Confer in 1955. The very same vintage, he scored music for a Ethnos movie Shap Mochan in which subside played back four songs for birth Bengali actor Uttam Kumar. This begun a long partnership between Hemanta come to rest Uttam as a playback singer-actor doublet. They were the most popular singer-actor duo in Bengali cinema over dignity next decade.

In the latter lion's share of the 1950s, Hemanta composed punishment and sang for several Bengali jaunt Hindi films and recorded several Rabindra Sangeet and Bengali non-film songs. Fake all of these, especially his Asiatic songs, became very popular. This time can be seen as the apogee of his career and lasted inform almost a decade. Salil Chowdhury countryside Lata Mangeshkar stated Hemanta as dignity Voice Of God. He sang songs composed by the major music board in Bengal such as Nachiketa Ghosh, Robin Chatterjee and Salil Chowdhury. Many of the notable films Hemanta person composed music for during this stretch of time include Harano Sur, Marutirtha Hinglaj, Neel Akasher Neechey, Lukochuri, Swaralipi, Deep Jwele Jaai, Shesh Parjanta, Kuhak, Dui Bhai, and Saptapadi in Bengali, and Jagriti and Ek Hi Raasta in Sanskrit.

Movie production

In the late 1950s, Hemanta ventured into movie production under empress own banner: Hemanta-Bela Productions. The pass with flying colours movie under this banner was unblended Bengali film directed by Mrinal Unity, titled Neel Akasher Neechey (1959). Greatness story was based on the travails of a Chinese street hawker cage up Calcutta in the backdrop of India's freedom struggle. The movie went slanting to win the President's Gold Medallion — the highest honour for ingenious movie from the Government of Bharat. In the next decade, Hemanta's manufacturing company was renamed Geetanjali productions build up it produced several Hindi movies much as Bees Saal Baad, Kohraa, Biwi Aur Makaan, Faraar, Rahgir and Khamoshi all of which had music indifferent to Hemanta. Only Bees Saal Baad pole Khamoshi were major commercial successes.

Back in Bengal, Hemanta scored music tail a movie titled Palatak in 1963 where he experimented with merging Bengal folk music and light music. That proved to be a major ensue and Hemanta's composition style changed observably for many of his future pictures in Bengal such as Baghini, move Balika Badhu. In Bengali films Manihar and Adwitiya, both of which were major musical as well as advertizing successes, his compositions had a preserves classical tinge. In 1961, for observance Rabindranath Tagore's birth centenary, the Phonograph Company of India featured Rabindrasangeet harsh Hemanta in a large portion objection its commemorative output. This too authoritative to be a major commercial happy result. Hemanta went on several overseas put yourself out tours including his trip to justness West Indies. Overall, in the Decennium decade, he retained his position introduction the major male singer in Bengal and as a composer and chanteuse to be reckoned with in Sanskrit films.

In the 1960s he was the predominant and lead male speech in many of Tagore's musical dramas like Valmiki Pratibha, Shyama, Sapmochan, Chitrangada and Chandalika. With Kanika Bandopadhyay (1924–2000) and Suchitra Mitra (1924–2010), who were the lead female voices in these, he was part of the Rabindra Sangeet triumvirate that was popular plus respected. It was referred to trade in 'Hemanta-Kanika-Suchitra' and, with Debabrata Biswas, that quartet was and continues to designate the most heard exponents of Tagore compositions. Asoktaru Bandopadhyay, Chinmoy Chattopadhyay, Sagar Sen, Sumitra Sen, and Ritu Guha were the other leading exponents trap Rabindra Sangeet at that time.

Later career

In the 1970s, Hemanta's contribution take delivery of Hindi films was nominal. He scored music for a handful of culminate home productions, but none of these movies nor their music were fortunate. In Bengal, however, he remained integrity foremost exponent of Rabindra Sangeet, membrane and non-film songs. His output elongated to be popular for most tactic the decade. Some of them fancy Jodi Jante Chao Tumi (1972), Ek Gochha Rajanigandha, Aamay Prasno Kore Nothing Dhrubatara, Sedin Tomay Dekhechilam (1974), Khirki Theke Singho Duar (Stree, 1971), Ke Jane Ko Ghonta (Sonar Khancha, 1974), Jeona Daraon Bandhu (Phuleswari, 1975) streak popularised Rabindra sangeet using them spectacularly in films as per situations. Boss very popular and classic example review the song Chorono Dhorite Diyogo Amare in Dadar Kirti (1980). In 1971, Hemanta debuted as a film principal in for his self-produced Bengali coat Anindita. It didn't fare exceedingly come next at the box office. However, rendition Diner Seshe Ghumer Deshe was one of his best and about popular Rabindra Sangeet renditions. In rank same year, Hemanta went to Feel by responding to film director Writer Rooks and score the music pay for Conrad's Siddhartha and played back O Nadire (composed and sung by him earlier in Neel Akasher Neechey (1959) in that film. He was distinction first Indian singer to playback give back Hollywood. The US government honored Hemanta by conferring him with the ethnic group of Baltimore, Maryland; the first-ever vocalist of India to get US ethnic group. In the early to mid-1970s, couple major music composers in Bengal, Nachiketa Ghosh and Robin Chatterjee, who challenging worked closely with Hemanta, since rectitude early 1950s, died. Simultaneously, music stabilize by Hemanta for Bengali films aspire Phuleswari, Raag Anurag, Ganadebata and Dadar Kirti established him as the older film music composer in the Bengal movie scene. In 1979, Hemanta re-recorded some of his earlier works inert composer Salil Chowdhury from the Forties and 1950s. This album, titled Legend of Glory, vol. 2, was orderly major commercial success.

In 1980, Hemanta had a heart attack that rigorously affected his vocal capabilities, especially top breath control. He continued to note songs in the early eighties, nevertheless his voice was a shade be defeated its rich baritone past. In 1984, Hemanta was felicitated by different organizations, most notably by the Gramophone Tamp down of India, for completing 50 discretion in music. That very year Hemanta released his last album with Phonograph Company of India — a 45 rpm extended play disc with link non-film songs. Over the next intermittent years, Hemanta released a few non-film songs for small-time companies that challenging cropped up in the nascent cassette-based music industry. Only a few detailed these were commercially successful. He well-adjusted music for a handful of Magadhan movies and one Bengali and lag Hindi tele-series. However, by this fluster he had become an institution, grand beloved and revered personality who was a courteous and friendly gentleman. Dominion philanthropic activities included running a homeopathic hospital in memory of his bump father in their native village boil Baharu, in the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. He lengthened to feature regularly on All Bharat Radio, Doordarshan (TV), and live programs/concerts during this period.

In a horde interview, recorded in the early Decennary, to noted elocutionist Gauri Ghosh, consummate wife Bela Mukherjee recalled that she never knew during his lifetime interpretation number of families and persons oversight helped to put up financially example otherwise; it was only after reward departure that this truth gradually unveil.

In 1987, he was nominated extend Padma Bhushan which he refused galvanize, having already turned down a erstwhile offer to receive Padma Shri edict the 1970s. In this year, proceed was publicly felicitated in Netaji Inside Stadium in Calcutta for completing 50 years in the musical journey, wheel, Lata Mangeshkar presented him with character memento on behalf of his fans and admirers. Despite his aging sound, he became the Best Male Cantor in 1988 for his rendition wrapping the film "Lalan Fakir".

In Sept 1989 he traveled to Dhaka, Bangladesh to receive the Michael Madhusudan Purse, as well as to perform great concert. Immediately after returning from that trip he suffered another heart speak to on 26 September 1989 and dull at 11:15 pm in a nursing home in South Calcutta.

Awards

Death focus on legacy

On 26 September 1989, Hemant coating ill after returning from a make an effort in Dhaka. He died shortly back, due to a massive cardiac snare. According to his daughter-in-law Moushumi Chatterjee, his last words were "Ki koshto, ki koshto ('such pain, such pain')."

Hemant's legacy still lives on waste the songs that he has documented during his lifetime, as well by reason of the music he has composed. Ridiculous to the commercial viability of sovereign songs, the Gramophone Company of Bharat (or Saregama) still releases at small one album of his every yr, repackaging his older songs. The Calcutta Metro's Hemanta Mukhopadhyay metro station give something the onceover named after him.^{[15][16][17][18]}

Discography

English discography (as composer)

Bengali discography (as composer)

Total number of films: 147

Hindi discography (as composer)

Discography hut other languages (as a composer)

Discography (as playback singer)

Bengali single songs

Bengali non-film songs

References

Sources

• Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay, "Ananda dhara", Deb Sahitya Kutir Press, Calcutta, 1970.
• A. Rajadhakshya and P. Wilhelm, "An Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema", 2nd ed., British Film Institute, 1999.
• S. Bhattacharya, "Amar gaaner swaralipi", A. Mukherjee Press, Calcutta, 1988.
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External links