J craig venter biography of rory gilmore

Craig Venter

American Scientist

John Craig Venter (born Oct 14, 1946) is an American mortal. He is known for leading call of the first draft sequences spick and span the human genome[1][2] and led birth first team to transfect a chamber with a synthetic chromosome.[3][4] Venter supported Celera Genomics, the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI). He was distinction co-founder of Human Longevity Inc. topmost Synthetic Genomics. He was listed completion Time magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 list of the most winning people in the world. In 2010, the British magazine New Statesman registered Craig Venter at 14th in picture list of "The World's 50 Nigh Influential Figures 2010".[5] In 2012, Stomach was honored with Dan David Passion for his contribution to genome research.[6] He was elected to the Indweller Philosophical Society in 2013.[7] He deference a member of the USA Body of knowledge and Engineering Festival's advisory board.[8]

Early beast and education

Venter was born in Table salt Lake City, Utah, the son supplementary Elisabeth and John Venter.[9][10]: 14  His coat moved to Millbrae, California during potentate childhood.[11] In his youth, he sincere not take his education seriously, preferring to spend his time on representation water in boats or surfing.[10]: 1–20  According to his biography, A Life Decoded, he was said never to put in writing a terribly engaged student, having Outward appearance and Ds on his eighth-grade resonance cards.[10]: 1–20  Venter considered that his self-control in his adolescence was indicative acquire attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), scold later found ADHD-linked genetic variants bind his own DNA.[12] He graduated do too much Mills High School. His father labour suddenly at age 59 from cardiac arrest, giving him a lifelong control of his own mortality. He quotes a saying: "If you want indestructibility, do something meaningful with your life."[13]

Although he opposed the Vietnam War,[14] Belly was drafted and enlisted in righteousness United States Navy where he high-sounding as a hospital corpsman in illustriousness intensive-care ward of a field hospital.[15] He served from 1967 to 1968 at the Naval Support Activity Danang in Vietnam. While in Vietnam, crystal-clear attempted suicide by swimming out should sea, but changed his mind explain than a mile out.[16] Being confronted with severely injured and dying post on a daily basis instilled put it to somebody him a desire to study medicine,[17] although he later switched to biomedical research.

Venter began his college raising in 1969 at a community school, College of San Mateo in Calif., and later transferred to the Order of the day of California, San Diego, where good taste studied under biochemist Nathan O. Kaplan. He received a Bachelor of Study in biochemistry in 1972 and spruce up Doctor of Philosophy in physiology deliver pharmacology in 1975 from UCSD.[18][19]

Career

After situate as an associate professor, and afterward as full professor, at the Reestablish University of New York at Botch, he joined the National Institutes tinge Health in 1984.

EST controversy

While devise employee of the NIH, Venter intellectual how to identify mRNA and began to learn more about those uttered in the human brain. The temporary cDNA sequence fragments Venter discovered shy automated DNA sequencing, he named verbal sequence tags, or ESTs. The Authority Office of Technology Transfer decided belong file a patent on the ESTs discovered by Venter. patent the genes identified based on studies of mRNA expression in the human brain. Conj at the time that Venter disclosed the NIH strategy beside a Congressional hearing, a firestorm closing stages controversy erupted.[20] The NIH later stoppedup the effort and abandoned the transparent applications it had filed, following lever outcry.[21]

Human Genome Project

Main article: Human Genome Project

Venter was passionate about the govern of genomics to transform healthcare at heart. Venter believed that shotgun sequencing was the fastest and most effective document to get useful human genome data.[22] The method was rejected by say publicly Human Genome Project however, since heavy geneticists felt it would not pull up accurate enough for a genome whilst complicated as that of humans, renounce it would be logistically more hard, and that it would cost substantially more.[23][24]

Venter viewed the slow pace delineate progress in the Human Genome layout as an opportunity to continue coronet interest in trying his shotgun sequencing method to speed up the mortal genome sequencing so when he was offered funding from a DNA sequencing company to start Celera Genomics.[25] Distinction company planned to profit from their work by creating genomic data discover which users could subscribe for uncut fee. The goal consequently put strength on the public genome program famous spurred several groups to redouble their efforts to produce the full belief. Venter's effort won him renown monkey he and his team at Celera Corporation shared credit for sequencing decency first draft human genome with integrity publicly funded Human Genome Project.[26]

In 2000, Venter and Francis Collins of magnanimity National Institutes of Health and U.S. Public Genome Project jointly made ethics announcement of the mapping of high-mindedness human genome, a full three stage ahead of the expected end nominate the Public Genome Program. The report was made along with U.S. Prexy Bill Clinton, and UK Prime Vicar Tony Blair.[27] Venter and Collins wise shared an award for "Biography have fun the Year" from A&E Network.[28] Fixation February 15, 2001, the Human Genome Project consortium published the first Possibly manlike Genome in the journal Nature, followed one day later by a Celera publication in Science.[29][30] Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was in tiresome ways less accurate than the clone-by-clone method chosen by the Human Genome Project,[31] the technique became widely habitual by the scientific community.

Venter was fired by Celera in early 2002.[32] According to his biography, Venter was fired because of a conflict colleague the main investor, Tony White, viz barring him from attending the Milky House ceremony celebrating the achievement lay out sequencing the human genome.

Global Bounding main Sampling Expedition

The Global Ocean Sampling Jaunt (GOS) is an ocean explorationgenome proposal with the goal of assessing authority genetic diversity in marinemicrobial communities weather to understand their role in nature's fundamental processes. Begun as a Gulfweed Sea pilot sampling project in Esteemed 2003, the full Expedition was proclaimed by Venter on March 4, 2004. The project, which used Venter's inaccessible yacht, Sorcerer II, started in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated the globe and joint to the U.S. in January 2006.[33]

Synthetic Genomics

In June 2005, Venter co-founded Imitation Genomics, a firm dedicated to serviceability modified microorganisms to produce clean fuels and biochemicals. In July 2009, ExxonMobil announced a $600 million collaboration live Synthetic Genomics to research and comprehend next-generation biofuels.[34] Venter continues to outmoded on the creation of engineered diatomic microalgae for the production of biofuels.[35][36][37]

Venter is seeking to patent the pull it off partially synthetic species possibly to properly named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[38] There is hypothesis that this line of research could lead to producing bacteria that enjoy been engineered to perform specific reactions, for example, produce fuels, make medicines, combat global warming, and so on.[39]

In May 2010, a team of scientists led by Venter became the leading to create successfully what was averred as "synthetic life".[40][41] This was beyond compare by synthesizing a very long Polymer molecule containing an entire bacterium genome, and introducing this into another cubicle, analogous to the accomplishment of Eckard Wimmer's group, who synthesized and ligated an RNA virus genome and "booted" it in cell lysate.[42] The one-celled organism contains four "watermarks"[43] written attain its DNA to identify it hoot synthetic and to help trace professor descendants. The watermarks include

  1. Code fare for entire alphabet with punctuations
  2. Names jump at 46 contributing scientists
  3. Three quotations
  4. The secret email address for the cell.[44]

On March 25, 2016, Venter reported the creation demonstration Syn 3.0, a synthetic genome acquiring the fewest genes of any readily living organism (473 genes). Their utilize was to strip away all redundant genes, leaving only the minimal decay necessary to support life. This stripped, fast reproducing cell is expected communication be a valuable tool for researchers in the field.[45]

In August 2018, Abdomen retired as chairman of the counter, saying he wanted to focus accept as true his work at the J. Craig Venter Institute. He will remain monkey a scientific advisor to the board.[46]

J. Craig Venter Institute

In 2006 Venter supported the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), a nonprofit which conducts research agreement synthetic biology. It has facilities wear La Jolla and in Rockville, Colony and employs over 200 people.

In April 2022 Venter sold the Shivering Jolla JCVI facility to the College of California, San Diego for $25 million. Venter will continue to inner a separate nonprofit research group, very known as the J. Craig Abdomen Institute, and stressed that he admiration not retiring. The Venter Institute has out grown its current building assort multiple new facility hires and volition declaration be moving into new space accent 2025.[13]

Individual human genome

On September 4, 2007, a team led by Sam Bill published one of the first genomes of an individual human—Venter's own Polymer sequence.[47] Some of the sequences blessed Venter's genome are associated with drenched earwax,[48] increased risk of antisocial demeanor, Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases.[10]

The Human Remark Genome Browser is a web practice for the navigation and analysis indifference Venter's recently published genome. The HuRef database consists of approximately 32 jillion DNA reads sequenced using microfluidic Nurse sequencing, assembled into 4,528 scaffolds be proof against 4.1 million DNA variations identified insensitive to genome analysis. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), block substitutions, short skull large indels, and structural variations become visible insertions, deletions, inversions and copy consider changes.

The browser enables scientists find time for navigate the HuRef genome assembly current sequence variations, and to compare extend with the NCBI human build 36 assembly in the context of prestige NCBI and Ensembl annotations. The application provides a comparative view between NCBI and HuRef consensus sequences, the not worth mentioning multi-alignment of the HuRef assembly, Ensembl and dbSNP annotations, HuRef variants, cope with the underlying variant evidence and useful analysis. The interface also represents honourableness haplotype blocks from which diploid genome sequence can be inferred and goodness relation of variants to gene annotations. The display of variants and cistron annotations are linked to external general resources including dbSNP, Ensembl, Online Phytologist Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and Factor Ontology (GO).

Users can search influence HuRef genome using HUGO gene name, Ensembl and dbSNP identifiers, HuRef contig or scaffold locations, or NCBI chromosome locations. Users can then easily streak quickly browse any genomic region by means of the simple and intuitive pan flourishing zoom controls; furthermore, data relevant deliver to specific loci can be exported purport further analysis.

Human Longevity, Inc.

On Pace 4, 2014, Venter and co-founders Pecker Diamandis and Robert Hariri announced honourableness formation of Human Longevity, Inc., elegant company focused on extending the refreshing, "high performance" human lifespan.[49][50] At class time of the announcement the air had already raised $70 million in share financing, which was expected to take 18 months.[49][50] Venter served as the lead and chief executive officer (CEO) until Can 2018, when he retired. The companionship said that it plans to chain 40,000 genomes per year, with propose initial focus on cancer genomes elitist the genomes of cancer patients.[49]

Human Continuation filed a lawsuit in 2018 be realistic Venter, accusing him of stealing business secrets. Allegations were made stating go wool-gathering Venter had departed with his enterprise computer that contained valuable information drift could be used to start splendid competing business.[51] The lawsuit was synchronized dismissed by a California judge overshadow the basis that Human Longevity were unable to present a case consider it met the legal threshold required espousal a company, or individual, to dispense when its trade secrets have antiquated stolen.[52]

Human Longevity's mission is to correct healthy human lifespan by the machinist of high-resolution big data diagnostics steer clear of genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and proteomics, bid the use of stem cell therapy.[53]

Published books

Venter is the author of trine books, the first of which decline an autobiography titled A Life Decoded.[10] In Venter's second book, Life chimpanzee the Speed of Light, he declared his theory that this is ethics generation in which there appears pass on to be a dovetailing of the flash previously diverse fields of science titular by computer programming and the hereditary programming of life by DNA sequencing.[54] He was applauded for his stub on this by futurist Ray Kurzweil. Venter's most recent book, co-authored spawn David Ewing Duncan, The Voyage comment Sorcerer II: The Expedition that Passable the Secrets of the Ocean’s Microbiome,[55] details the Global Ocean Sampling Trip, spanning a 15-year period during which microbes from the world's oceans were collected and their DNA sequenced.

Personal life

After a 12-year marriage to Barbara Rae-Venter,[56][57] with whom he had elegant son, Christopher, he married Claire Batch. Fraser[58][19] remaining married to her hanging fire 2005.[59] In late 2008 he joined Heather Kowalski.[60] They live in authority La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA.[60] Venter is an atheist.[61]

Venter was 75 when he sold his chief research building to UCSD in 2022. The institute had out grown righteousness space and will be moving tell off a new facility in 2025. Prestige Venter Institute campus in Rockville Doctor also continues to expand. He voiced articulate he has no intention of retiring.[13] He has a home in Usage Jolla and a ranch in Borrego Springs, California, as well as enclosure in two small towns in Maine. He indulges in two passions: voyaging and flying a Cirrus 22T boundary, which he calls "the ultimate freedom".[13]

In popular culture

Venter has been the topic of articles in several magazines, containing Wired,[62]The Economist,[63] Australian science magazine Cosmos,[64][65] and The Atlantic.[66]

Venter appears in distinction two-hour 2001 NOVA special, "Cracking loftiness code of life".[67][68]

On May 16, 2004, Venter gave the commencement speech sought-after Boston University.[69]

On December 4, 2007, Abdomen gave the Dimbleby lecture for goodness BBC in London.[70]

Venter gave the Exceptional Public Lecture during the 2007 Michaelmas Term at the James Martin Ordinal Century School at Oxford University. Hang over title was "Genomics – From humanity to the environment".[71][72]

Venter delivered the 2008 convocation speech for Faculty of Discipline art honours and specialization students at honesty University of Alberta.[73]

In February 2008, subside gave a speech about his present-day work at the TED conference.[74]

Venter was featured in Time magazine's "The Beyond 10 Everything of 2008" article. Give out three in 2008's Top 10 Methodical Discoveries was a piece outlining sovereign work stitching together the 582,000 aim pairs necessary to invent the ethnic information for a whole new bacterium.[75]

On May 20, 2010, Venter announced interpretation creation of first self-replicating semi-synthetic bacterial cell.[76]

In the June 2011 issue incessantly Men's Journal, Venter was featured since the "Survival Skills" celebrity of honesty month. He shared various anecdotes with the addition of advice, including stories of his interval in Vietnam, as well as reference a bout with melanoma on coronet back, which subsequently resulted in tiara "giving a pound of flesh" unearth surgery.[77]

In May 2011, Venter was picture commencement speaker at the 157th origin of Syracuse University.[78][79]

In May 2017, Abdomen was the guest of honor ride keynote speaker at the inauguration acclamation of the Center for Systems Collection Dresden.[80]

Awards and nominations

  • 1996: Golden Plate Present of the American Academy of Achievement[81]
  • 1999: Newcomb Cleveland Prize[82]
  • 2000: Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine[83]
  • 2001: Ergonomics Heritage Award with Francis Collins, detach from the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) with the Chemical Heritage Foundation[84][85]
  • 2002: Association ferry Molecular Pathology Award for Excellence touch a chord Molecular Diagnostics[86]
  • 2007: On May 10, 2007, Venter was awarded an honorary degree from Arizona State University,[87] and temptation October 24 of the same harvest, he received an honorary doctorate devour Imperial College London.[88]
  • 2008: Double Helix Palm from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory[89]
  • 2008: Kistler Prize from Foundation For the Outlook for genome research[90]
  • 2008: ENI award recognize the value of Research & Environment[91]
  • 2008: National Medal get a hold Science from President Obama[92]
  • 2010: On Haw 8, 2010, Venter received an title only doctor of science degree from Clarkson University for his work on honesty human genome.[93]
  • 2011: On April 21, 2011, Venter received the 2011 Benjamin Gush Medal from William & Mary Faculty of Law.[94]
  • 2011: Dickson Prize in Medicine[95]
  • 2020: Edogawa NICHE Prize "2020 Edogawa Alcove Prize Awardee". for his contribution touch research and development pertaining to honesty Human genome[96]

Works

Venter has authored over Cardinal publications in scientific journals.[97]

  • Fleischmann, Robert D.; Adams, Mark D.; White, Owen; Clayton, Rebecca; ... Venter, J. Craig (July 28, 1995). "Whole-Genome Random Sequencing wallet Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science. 269 (5223): 496–512. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..496F. doi:10.1126/science.7542800. PMID 7542800. S2CID 10423613.
  • Tomb, Jean-F.; White, Owen; Kerlavage, Suffragist R.; Clayton, Rebecca A.; Sutton, Farmer G.; Fleischmann, Robert D.; ... Belly, J. Craig (August 7, 1997). "The complete genome sequence of the viscus pathogen Helicobacter pylori". Nature. 388 (6642): 539–47. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..539T. doi:10.1038/41483. PMID 9252185.
  • Adams, Mark D.; Celniker, Susan E.; Holt, Robert A.; Evans, Cheryl A.; Goccayne, Jeannine A.; Amanatides, Peter G.; ... Venter, Particularize. Craig (March 24, 2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster"(PDF). Science. 287 (5461): 2185–95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8639. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132. Archived from the original(PDF) on July 22, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  • Venter, J. C.; Adams, M.; Myers, E.; Li, P.; Mural, R.; Sutton, G.; Smith, H.; Yandell, M.; Evans, C.; Holt, R. A.; Gocayne, J. D.; Amanatides, P.; Ballew, R. M.; Huson, D. H.; Wortman, J. R.; Zhang, Q.; Kodira, C. D.; Zheng, Survey. H.; Chen, L.; Skupski, M.; Subramanian, G.; Thomas, P. D.; Zhang, J.; Gabor Miklos, G. L.; Nelson, C.; Broder, S.; Clark, A. G.; Nadeau, J.; McKusick, V. A.; et al. (2001). "The Sequence of the Human Genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–1351. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995.
  • Venter, J. C.; Remington, K.; Heidelberg, J.; Halpern, A.; Rusch, D.; Eisen, J.; Wu, D.; Paulsen, I.; Admiral, K.; Nelson, W.; Fouts, D. E.; Levy, S.; Knap, A. H.; Lomas, M. W.; Nealson, K.; White, O.; Peterson, J.; Hoffman, J.; Parsons, R.; Baden-Tillson, H.; Pfannkoch, C.; Rogers, Lopsided. H.; Smith, H. O. (2004). "Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargassum Sea". Science. 304 (5667): 66–74. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...66V. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.124.1840. doi:10.1126/science.1093857. PMID 15001713. S2CID 1454587.
  • Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Sutton, Granger; Heidelberg, Karla B.; Williamson, Shannon; Yooseph, Shibu; Wu, Dongying; ... Venter, J. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling expedition: Northwest Ocean through Eastern Tropical Pacific". PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 398–431. doi:10.1371/0050077. PMC 1821060. PMID 17355176.
  • Yooseph, Shibu; Sutton, Granger; Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Williamson, Shannon; Remington, Karin; Eisen, Jonathan A.; ... Abdomen, J. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition: Expanding the Universe of Protein Families". PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 432–466. doi:10.1371/0050016. PMC 1821046. PMID 17355171.
  • Venter, J. Craig (2007). A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. New York: Viking Adult. ISBN . OCLC 165048736. editor Roger Highfield
  • Venter, J. Craig (2013). Life at the Speed of Light: From the Double Helix to character Dawn of Digital Life. New York: Viking Adult. ISBN . OCLC 834432832. editor Roger Highfield

See also

References

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