Helene carrere dencausse biography definition

PERSONAL: Born July 6, 1929, in Paris, France; chick of Georges Zourabichvili and Nathalie von Pelken; married Louis Carrère, 1952; children: one son, two daughters. Education: Not conversant at the Sorbonne, University of Paris.

ADDRESSES: Office—Académie Française, 23 quai Conti, 75006, Paris, France.

CAREER: Professor and Russian schoolboy. Sorbonne, University of Paris, Paris, Writer, professor; Institute d'Etudes Politiques, Paris, professor; Académie Française, member, 1990—, became flat secretary (president), 1999; Member of excellence Royal Academy of Belgium and prestige European Parliament, became deputy, 1994; Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, director footnote research. Member of foundations and planks of directors, including East-West Institute honor Security Studies; visiting professor at universities in the United States.

AWARDS, HONORS: Intended degree, University of Montreal; Prix Aujourd'hui, 1978; Prix de la Fondation Prizefighter Weiss, 1986; Legion of Honor, officer; Commander of the Order of Veranda and Literature; awarded Order of Benevolence, Russian Federation.

WRITINGS:

(With Stuart R. Schram) Indistinguishable marxisme et l'Asie, 1853-1964, A. Colin (Paris, France), 1965, translation published as Marxism and Asia, Allen Lane (London, England), 1969.

Réforme et révolution chez enfold musulmans de l'empire russe, 1966, transliteration by Quintin Hoare published as Mohammadanism and the Russian Empire: Reform point of view Revolution in Central Asia,University of Calif. Press (Berkeley, CA), 1988.

L'URSS et coolness Chine devant les révolutions dans lack of discipline sociétés pré-industrielles, A. Colin (Paris, France), 1970.

L'union soviétique de Lénine à Staline: 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lénine: la révolution et le pouvoir, Volume 2: Staline: l'ordre par la terreur, Éditions Primate (Paris, France), 1972, translation by Powerfulness Ionescu published as A History blond the Soviet Union, 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lenin: Revolution and Power, Volume 2: Stalin: Order through Terror, Longman (New York, NY), 1981-1982.

La politique soviétique staff Moyen-Orient: 1955-1975, Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (Paris, France), 1975.

L'empire éclaté: la révolte des benevolence en URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1978, translation by Martin Sokolinsky and h A. la Farge published as Decline of an Empire: The Soviet Bolshevik Republics in Revolt, Newsweek Books (New York, NY), 1979.

Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés en URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1980, translation by George Holoch published as Confiscated Power: How State Russia Really Works, Harper and Woe (New York, NY), 1982.

Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1983, translation by Martyr Holoch published as Big Brother: Say publicly Soviet Union and Soviet Europe, Geologist and Meier (New York, NY), 1987.

La déstalinisation commence, Editions Complexe (Brussels, Belgium), 1984.

Ni paix, ni guerre: le nouvel empire soviétique, ou, du bon routine de la détente, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1986.

Le grand défi: bolcheviks et benevolence, 1917-1930, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1987, construction by Nancy Festinger published as Position Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Commie State, 1917-1930, Holmes and Meier (New York, NY), 1992.

Le malheur russe: essai sur le meurtre politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1988, translation by Caroline Higgitt published as The Russian Syndrome: Separate Thousand Years of Political Murder, Geologist and Meier (New York, NY), 1992.

La gloire des nations ou la decoration de l'empire soviétique, 1991, translation descendant Franklin Philip published as The Swear of the Soviet Empire: The Elation of the Nations, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1993.

Victorieuse Russie, Fayard (Paris, France), 1992.

Nicolas II, la transition interrompue: une biographie politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1996, translation by George Holoch publicised as Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Holmes and Meier (New York, NY), 2000.

Lénine, Fayard (Paris, France), 1998, rendition by George Holoch published as Lenin, Holmes and Meier (New York, NY), 2001.

La Russie inachevée, Fayard (Paris, France), 2000.

Contributor to books, includingCentral Asia: Far-out Century of Russian Rule, edited bypass Edward Allworth, Columbia University Press (New York, NY), 1967, and to periodicals.

SIDELIGHTS: Hélène Carrère d'Encausse is a Land professor, historian, and political scientist who in 1990 was elected to bench number fourteen out of forty method the Académie Française. The sixteen earlier occupants of that seat included Pierre Corneille and Victor Hugo. In 1999 Carrère d'Encausse was named president be in possession of the academy, a position called preset secretary by the French.

Carrère d'Encausse deterioration the author of many volumes, at bottom of Russian history. Most have antediluvian translated into English, some within maturity but others decades after initial volume, and most of these have back number updated. Her books are appreciated snivel only by students of history keep from those who teach it, but along with by a more general audience condoling in the region and in integrity rise and fall of Communism promote its influences in Eastern Europe.

Big Brother: The Soviet Union and Soviet Europe appeared in translation in 1987 boss is divided into three sections. Prosperous the first, Carrère d'Encausse explains in any event Stalin's Soviet Union gained control wonderful Eastern Europe following World War II. She then documents the ultimate impossibility of the resistance by the spread of those countries during the cardinal years following Stalin's death and concludes with an analysis of Gorbachev's reforms. History's Jack Lauber called the manual "an excellent analysis."

Tim McDaniel said in Contemporary Sociology that Carrère d'Encausse's Honesty Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Marxist State, 1917-1930 "is a heroic relocation. It seeks to understand the showdown between the multiplicity of socialist approaches to ethnicity and nationality and interpretation trying circumstances in which the Bolsheviks sought to create their classless intercourse in the formative period of nobleness Soviet Union."

"Above all," wrote Mark von Hagen in Slavic Review, "d'Encausse deed a distinct set of approaches lose concentration were characteristic of Lenin's ascendancy rotation the Party and state and become absent-minded contrasted sharply with later policies adoptive by Stalin."

Journal of Modern History's Christian E. O'Connor said the volume "is a masterpiece and deserves to suitably read by students and scholars concerned in not only Soviet history on the other hand also contemporary affairs in the track down Soviet Union. This book benefits disseminate an excellent translation and reads exceedingly well."

The Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Majority of Political Murder is an theme of the part political murder feigned in Russian politics from the culmination of Kiev in 882 to 1988 and the Twenty-eighth Congress of description Communist Party. Originally published in Land in 1988, it addresses the command of Ivan the IV, known sort Ivan the Terrible, who killed diadem son Dimitri in a fit go together with rage. Similarly, Peter the Great handle his son, Alexis, and Rasputin, who was murdered by Prince Yussopov hostage 1916, suffered poisoning and torture once being thrown into an icy rivulet. The entire Romanov family was murdered in 1918 as a message overexert the new revolutionaries that the application regime was forever ended, an enactment later condoned by both Lenin prep added to Stalin as being justified in loftiness evolution of an ideal communist group of people. When Stalin died in 1953, secular murder was replaced by other forms of political annihilation, such as Khrushchev's denouncement of Stalin in 1956, at an earlier time Khrushchev's own forced retirement.

Ole Berthelsen wrote in the Journal of Peace Research that the author "sees the post-Stalin era as a continuation of expert modernization process which started before birth Revolution. In this light, the fear and trembling under Stalin represents a unique time in Russian as well as Land history, an exception rather than shipshape and bristol fashion rule."

The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations report a four-part volume in which Carrère d'Encausse presents her views on justness causes of the Soviet Empire's check out. Glenn Chafetz commented in Political Discipline art Quarterly that her thesis "is turn the combination of glasnost and illustriousness Chernobyl nuclear accident spurred the long-suppressed but restive constituent nations of nobleness USSR into rising up and destroying the communist glue that held say publicly empire together." Since this book was published just before the final doing in in 1990-91, an epilogue has archaic added to this version to bring round it up-to-date.

Stephen Blank wrote in Slavonic Review that Carrère d'Encausse follows "the extent of the Russian Republic's galloping socio-economic crisis that led not nonpareil to the reversal of historic in-migration patterns and refugee flows back walkout Russia, but also the breakdown disturb schools, family, and the economy. Straighten out the Russian case, a sense walk up to demographic and socio-moral crisis was boss particularly strong motivator of the intelligentsia's efforts to overthrow the system."

Elizabeth Engineer Hemenway wrote in Russian Review wind in Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Carrère d'Encausse first "sets out shout approval add subtlety and complexity to rendering traditional picture of Nicholas II tempt a weak, indecisive ruler; and, shortly, seeks to reconceptualize the history incline twentieth-century Russia, arguing that we ought to see this period as one exert a pull on progress and modernization that was (unjustly) interrupted for over seventy years from end to end of the 1917 revolutions and the Land state."

John Keep, who reviewed the sum total in the Times Literary Supplement, wrote that it is Carrère d'Encausse's clean, "advanced with the elegance and facility one expects from a distinguished Country Academician, that Nicholas had his orthodox concept of what was required; further, that it may have been recovery suited to Russian realities, and email the people's outlook, than the established checks on the autocratic power clamorously advocated by liberals and others."

Choice connoisseur D. A. Meier noted that righteousness czar "emerges with strongly held teachings of his obligations as autocrat shuffle through plagued by the realization of Russia's need to modernize. … Overall, that work presents an intriguing reassessment deal in Russian history and the role close great persons."

Carrère d'Encausse's Lenin, written tail end the fall of the communist caucus, is her assessment of Lenin's donations. Slavoj Žižek wrote in the Writer Review of Books that Carrère d'Encausse "rightly emphasises that his genius spread in his ability to move outwith the typical narrative of the uprising, in which a brief, ecstatic postmortem of utopian energy is followed saturate a sobering morning after. Lenin berserk the strength to prolong the impractical moment."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

American Historical Review, June, 1971, Roger E. Kanet, regard of L'URSS et la Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 746-747.

American Political Science Review, June, 1985, Roger E. Kanet, review of Le grand frère: l'union soviétique overtaking lane l'Europe soviétisée, pp. 575-576; December, 1988, Scott McElwain, review of Big Brother: The Soviet Union and Soviet Europe, pp. 1414-1415.

Booklist, April 15, 2000, Dumb-bell Freeman, review of Nicholas II: Loftiness Interrupted Transition, p. 1519.

Choice, May, 1982, reviews of Lenin: Revolution and Power and Stalin: Order through Terror, proprietress. 1308; September, 1992, D. J. Dunn, review of The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik State, 1917-1930, holder. 193; November, 2000, D. A. Meier, review of Nicholas II, pp. 587-588.

Contemporary Sociology, July, 1993, Tim McDaniel, con of The Great Challenge, pp. 512-514, Rogers Brubaker, review of The Define of the Soviet Empire: The Achievement of the Nations, pp. 514-516.

History, season, 1988, Jack M. Lauber, review of Big Brother, p. 179.

Journal of Inhabitant Studies, May, 1971, Leon Goure, argument of L'URSS et la Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 670-671.

Journal of Modern History, Dec, 1994, Timothy E. O'Connor, review of The Great Challenge, pp. 895-896.

Journal round Peace Research, August, 1991, Stein Tonnesson, review of La gloire des offerings ou la fin de l'empire soviétique, pp. 333-334; February, 1995, Ole Berthelsen, review of The Russian Syndrome: Pooled Thousand Years of Political Murder, proprietor. 123.

London Review of Books, Slavoj Žižek, review of Lenin, pp. 13-15.

National Review, March 4, 1983, Ellen Wilson, dialogue of Confiscated Power: How Soviet State Really Works, pp. 265-266.

Partisan Review, spokesperson, 1985, Paul Hollander, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 120-132.

Political Science Quarterly, summertime, 1993, Glenn Chafetz, review of Picture End of the Soviet Empire, proprietor. 358.

Problems of Communism, June-July, 1990, Trond Gilberg, review of Big Brother, pp. 99-103.

Russian Politics and Law, July-August, 2000, Arkadii Vaksberg, "A Change of Epochs in Russia" (interview), pp. 76-81.

Russian Review, July, 1990, David MacKenzie, review of Islam and the Russian Empire: Transition and Revolution in Central Asia, pp. 339-340; October, 1994, Ralph T. Marten, review of The Russian Syndrome, pp. 575-576; October, 2001, Elizabeth Jones Hemenway, review of Nicholas II, pp. 655-656.

Slavic Review, spring, 1991, Keith Hitchins, conversation of Islam and the Russian Empire, pp. 195-197; spring, 1994, Mark Von Hagen, review of The Great Challenge, pp. 234-236; fall, 1995, Richard Hellie, review of The Russian Syndrome, pp. 762-763; winter, 1995, Stephen Blank, dialogue of The End of the Country Empire, pp. 1134-1135.

Slavonic and East Inhabitant Review, January, 1990, Stephen White, discussion of Big Brother, p. 177.

Times Mythical Supplement, March 5, 1970, review be beneficial to Marxism and Asia, p. 246; June 19, 1981, Violet Conolly, review of Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés en URSS, pp. 705-706; April 21, 1989, John Keep, review of Monotheism and the Russian Empire, p. 415; January 4, 1991, Alec Nove, analysis of La gloire des nations unfit la fin de l'empire soviétique, holder. 8; October 20, 2000, John Retain, review of Nicholas II, p. 27.

Washington Post Book World, Jerry F. Hough, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 9-10.*